In the 2014 case Burwell v. Hobby Lobby, the US Supreme Court determined that the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act's contraceptive requirement violated the right to religious freedom of privately held, for-profit enterprises. The contraception mandate, which was published in 2012 by the US Department of Health and Human Services, mandated that certain contraceptive methods be made available to beneficiaries of employer-provided health insurance plans at no cost. The US Supreme Court ruled 5–4 that the Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993 was violated by the mandate in cases involving privately owned, for-profit businesses like Hobby Lobby Inc.